How To Become A Member Of Parliament In South Africa (2025)

A Member of Parliament (MP) is an elected representative who serves in the legislative body of a country. Their primary role is to represent the interests of their constituents, make and amend laws, debate national issues, and hold the government accountable. The specific responsibilities and powers of an MP can vary depending on the country’s political system.

How To Become A Member Of Parliament In South Africa

In South Africa, becoming a Member of Parliament (MP) is a significant opportunity to influence national legislation, represent the people, and contribute to the country’s governance. The journey to becoming an MP involves understanding the political system, meeting constitutional requirements, aligning with a political party, and effectively campaigning. This article explores the steps, requirements, and strategic considerations involved in pursuing this prestigious role.

1. Understanding the South African Political System

South Africa follows a parliamentary system within a constitutional democracy. It has a bicameral parliament consisting of:

The National Assembly – Made up of 400 members elected to represent the public.
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) – Comprising representatives from each of the nine provinces to ensure provincial interests are considered at the national level.

MPs are elected through a proportional representation system, where parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes received in national elections. There are no constituencies with individual candidates, as voters select political parties rather than individual representatives.

2. Constitutional Requirements

To qualify as a Member of Parliament in South Africa, one must:

Be a South African citizen.
Be eligible to vote in national elections (i.e., at least 18 years old).
Not be disqualified by law, such as being declared insolvent, mentally unfit, or having been sentenced to more than 12 months in prison without the option of a fine.

These requirements are outlined in Section 47 of the South African Constitution.

3. Joining a Political Party

In South Africa’s electoral system, independent candidates cannot run for the National Assembly, making it essential to align with a political party. Follow these steps:

Identify a Party: Research political parties and their ideologies. Choose a party that resonates with your values and where you believe you can make an impact.
Become an Active Member: Join the party officially and participate actively in its structures, including local branches and committees.
Build Influence and Networks: Engage in community activities, attend party meetings, and network with influential party members.

Developing a robust reputation within the party increases the chances of being included on the party’s list of parliamentary candidates.

4. Getting on the Party List

South Africa uses a closed-list proportional representation system, meaning voters cast ballots for parties, not individuals. Each party compiles a list of candidates ranked in order of preference. The higher you are on this list, the better your chances of being elected.

Advocate for Nomination: Lobby within your party to be nominated and placed high on the list. This involves demonstrating leadership, loyalty, and commitment to the party’s vision.
Participate in Internal Elections: Some parties use internal elections or selection committees to rank candidates. Make strategic alliances and campaign within the party to secure a favorable position.

5. Campaigning and Public Engagement

Although South African MPs are elected through party lists, personal branding and public engagement remain essential.

Build a Public Profile: Use social media platforms, public speaking events, and community outreach programs to build your public image.
Communicate Party Policies: Be a strong advocate for your party’s policies and demonstrate how they benefit the public.
Engage with Communities: Regular interaction with communities boosts visibility and public support, increasing your influence within the party.

6. Participating in Elections

National elections in South Africa are held every five years. Political parties submit their candidate lists to the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).

Party Campaigns: Participate in the party’s national campaign strategies, including rallies, debates, and media engagements.
Election Day: The public votes for political parties, not individual candidates. The IEC allocates parliamentary seats based on each party’s share of the national vote.
Seat Allocation: If your party wins enough seats, candidates from the top of the party list are sworn in as Members of Parliament.

7. Taking Office and Responsibilities

Once elected, MPs are sworn in and take on the following responsibilities:

Legislative Duties: Participate in debating, drafting, and voting on national legislation.
Constituency Work: Although not directly elected by constituencies, MPs engage with communities to understand public concerns.
Oversight: Hold the Executive (President and Cabinet) accountable through parliamentary inquiries and debates.
Representation: Represent the interests of the public and party within parliamentary discussions.

8. Challenges and Considerations

Political Dynamics: Internal party politics can be competitive, influencing the chances of nomination and ranking on the party list.
Public Scrutiny: MPs are public figures subject to scrutiny regarding their performance, conduct, and adherence to ethical standards.
Legislative Pressure: The role involves long hours, complex legislation review, and participation in various parliamentary committees.

9. Tips for Success

Develop Leadership Skills: Participate in leadership training and public speaking engagements.
Stay Informed: Keep updated on national and international political trends, policies, and public opinions.
Maintain Integrity and Transparency: Uphold ethical standards to maintain public trust and credibility.
Build Alliances: Collaborate with fellow party members and other political stakeholders.

In essence, the path to becoming an MP is not just about personal ambition but a dedication to represent and serve the people of South Africa, ensuring a vibrant and democratic society

What Do Members of Parliament Do?

Members of Parliament (MPs) have several key roles and responsibilities:

Legislation: They debate, propose, and vote on new laws or changes to existing laws.
Representation: MPs represent the interests and concerns of their constituents (the people who live in their electoral district).
Scrutiny and Oversight: They examine and question the actions and decisions of the government to ensure accountability.
Constituency Work: MPs assist constituents with issues they face, such as problems with government services or local concerns.
Committees: Many MPs serve on committees that review legislation in detail or investigate specific issues.
Debate and Discussion: They participate in debates on national and international issues, helping shape public policy

Benefits Of Being A Member Of Parliament

Being a Member of Parliament (MP) comes with several benefits, including:

Salary and Allowances: MPs receive a substantial salary along with allowances for travel, housing, and constituency expenses.
Pension and Retirement Benefits: They are entitled to pensions after serving a certain period.
Influence and Power: MPs have the power to influence legislation, debate national issues, and shape public policy.
Public Platform and Recognition: They gain public recognition and can raise awareness on important issues.
Constituency Support: They can help their constituents with various issues, increasing their local influence.
Networking Opportunities: MPs interact with influential figures in politics, business, and society.
Immunity and Privileges: They have parliamentary privileges, including freedom of speech within the House and certain legal immunities.
Access to Information: MPs have access to government documents and briefings to make informed decisions.
Career Opportunities: Political experience as an MP can lead to higher positions, such as becoming a minister or holding other leadership roles.

These benefits come with significant responsibilities, including representing constituents, attending parliamentary sessions, and contributing to national governance

Some Famous Members Of Parliament In South Africa

South Africa’s Parliament has been home to numerous influential figures who have shaped the nation’s political landscape. Here are some notable members:

Cyril Ramaphosa: Serving as the President of South Africa since 2018, Ramaphosa has been a pivotal figure in the African National Congress (ANC) and played a significant role in the country’s transition to democracy.
Thoko Didiza: Elected as the Speaker of the National Assembly on June 14, 2024, Didiza oversees parliamentary proceedings and ensures legislative processes are conducted effectively.
Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane: Assuming the role of Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces on June 15, 2024, Mtsweni-Tsipane facilitates cooperation between national and provincial governments.
Paul Mashatile: As the Deputy President of South Africa, Mashatile plays a crucial role in the executive branch, contributing to policy formulation and governance.
Helen Zille: A prominent figure in South African politics, Zille is the chairperson of the Democratic Alliance (DA) and has been influential in advocating for liberal policies and governance reforms.
Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma: A seasoned politician and member of the ANC, Dlamini-Zuma has held various ministerial positions, including Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs.
Julius Malema: Leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), Malema is known for his outspoken stance on economic reforms and land redistribution.
John Steenhuisen: As the leader of the Democratic Alliance (DA), Steenhuisen has been a vocal advocate for opposition policies and governance oversight.
Steve Biko: Although not a member of Parliament, Biko was a prominent anti-apartheid activist whose legacy continues to influence South African politics.
Kader Asmal: A respected member of Parliament, Asmal served as Minister of Education and was instrumental in shaping post-apartheid educational policies.

These individuals, among others, have significantly contributed to South Africa’s parliamentary history and continue to influence its political discourse

Conclusion

Becoming a Member of Parliament in South Africa is a journey that demands strategic planning, active political engagement, and unwavering commitment to public service. By understanding the political system, fulfilling constitutional requirements, joining and rising within a political party, and effectively campaigning, aspiring MPs can position themselves as influential leaders in South Africa’s governance. The journey is challenging but offers an unparalleled opportunity to shape the nation’s future.